The risk actor often known as Paper Werewolf has been noticed solely focusing on Russian entities with a brand new implant referred to as PowerModul.
The exercise, which occurred between July and December 2024, singled out organizations within the mass media, telecommunications, building, authorities entities, and power sectors, Kaspersky mentioned in a brand new report printed Thursday.
Paper Werewolf, also called GOFFEE, is assessed to have carried out a minimum of seven campaigns since 2022, in accordance with BI.ZONE, with the assaults primarily aimed toward authorities, power, monetary, media, and different organizations.
Assault chains mounted by the risk actor have additionally been noticed incorporating a disruptive part, whereby the intrusions transcend distributing malware for espionage functions to additionally change passwords belonging to worker accounts.
The assaults themselves are initiated by way of phishing emails that include a macro-laced lure doc, which, upon opening and enabling macros, paves the way in which for the deployment of a PowerShell-based distant entry trojan often known as PowerRAT.
The malware is designed to ship a next-stage payload, typically a customized model of the Mythic framework agent often known as PowerTaskel and QwakMyAgent. One other device within the risk actor’s arsenal is a malicious IIS module referred to as Owowa, which is used for retrieving Microsoft Outlook credentials entered by customers on the net consumer.
The newest set of assaults documented by Kaspersky begins with a malicious RAR archive attachment containing an executable that masquerades as a PDF or a Phrase doc utilizing a double extension (i.e., *.pdf.exe or *.doc.exe). When the executable is launched, the decoy file is downloaded from a distant server and proven to the person, whereas the an infection proceeds to the following stage within the background.
“The file itself is a Home windows system file (explorer.exe or xpsrchvw.exe), with a part of its code patched with a malicious shellcode,” it mentioned. “The shellcode is much like what we noticed in earlier assaults, however as well as comprises an obfuscated Mythic agent, which instantly begins speaking with the command-and-control (C2) server.”
The alternate assault sequence is much more elaborate, utilizing a RAR archive embedding a Microsoft Workplace doc with a macro that acts as a dropper to deploy and launch PowerModul, a PowerShell script able to receiving and executing extra PowerShell scripts from the C2 server.
The backdoor is claimed to have been used because the begin of 2024, with the risk actors initially utilizing it to obtain and execute PowerTaskel on compromised hosts. A few of the different payloads dropped by PowerModul are listed beneath –
- FlashFileGrabber, which is used to steal information from detachable media, resembling flash drives, and exfiltrate them to the C2 server
- FlashFileGrabberOffline, a variant of FlashFileGrabber that searches detachable media for information with particular extensions, and when discovered, copies them to the native disk inside the “%TEMPpercentCacheStoreconnect” folder
- USB Worm, which is able to infecting detachable media with a duplicate of PowerModul
PowerTaskel is functionally much like PowerModul in that it is also designed to run PowerShell scripts despatched by the C2 server. However as well as, it could ship details about the focused surroundings within the type of a “checkin” message, in addition to execute different instructions acquired from the C2 server as duties. It is also geared up to escalate privileges utilizing the PsExec utility.
In a minimum of one occasion, PowerTaskel has been discovered to obtain a script with a FolderFileGrabber part that, apart from replicating the options of FlashFileGrabber, consists of the flexibility to assemble information from distant programs by way of a hardcoded community path utilizing the SMB protocol.
“For the primary time, they employed Phrase paperwork with malicious VBA scripts for preliminary an infection,” Kaspersky mentioned. “Not too long ago, now we have noticed that GOFFEE is more and more abandoning using PowerTaskel in favor of the binary Mythic agent throughout lateral motion.”
The event comes as BI.ZONE attributed one other risk group referred to as Sapphire Werewolf to a phishing marketing campaign that distributes an up to date model of Amethyst, an offshoot of the open-source SapphireStealer.
The stealer retrieves “credentials from Telegram and numerous browsers, together with Chrome, Opera, Yandex, Courageous, Orbitum, Atom, Kometa, and Edge Chromium, in addition to FileZilla and SSH configuration information,” the Russian firm mentioned, including it could additionally seize paperwork, together with these saved on detachable media.
